Bremner JD, Narayan M, Staib LH, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Charney DS: Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1999, 156: 1787-1795.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bremner JD, Staib LH, Kaloupek D, Southwick SM, Soufer R, Charney DS: Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: A positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 45: 806-816. 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00297-2.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bremner JD, Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, Afzal N, Schmahl C, Elzinga B, et al: Neural correlates of the classic color and emotional Stroop in women with abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 55: 612-620. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.001.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Staib LH, et al: Neural correlates of declarative memory for emotionally valenced words in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to early childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 53: 879-889. 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01891-7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Britton JC, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Fig LM, Liberzon I: Corticolimbic blood flow in posttraumatic stress disorder during script-driven imagery. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 57: 832-840. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.025.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brunetti M, Sepede G, Mingoia G, Catani C, Ferretti A, Merla A, et al: Elevated response of human amygdala to neutral stimuli in mild post traumatic stress disorder: Neural correlates of generalized emotional response. Neuroscience. 2010, 168: 670-679. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.024.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bryant RA, Kemp AH, Felmingham KL, Liddell B, Olivieri G, Peduto A, et al: Enhanced amygdala and medial prefrontal activation during nonconscious processing of fear in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2008, 29: 517-523. 10.1002/hbm.20415.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Felmingham K, Williams LM, Kemp AH, Liddell B, Falconer E, Peduto A, et al: Neural responses to masked fear faces: Sex differences and trauma exposure in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010, 119: 241-247.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fonzo GA, Simmons AN, Thorp SR, Norman SB, Paulus MP, Stein MB: Exaggerated and disconnected insular-amygdalar blood oxygenation level-dependent response to threat-related emotional faces in women with intimate-partner violence posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 68: 433-441. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.028.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frewen P, Lane RD, Neufeld RWJ, Densmore M, Stevens T, Lanius R: Neural correlates of levels of emotional awareness during trauma script-imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosom Med. 2008, 70: 27-31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hou C, Liu J, Wang K, Li L, Liang M, He Z, et al: Brain responses to symptom provocation and trauma-related short-term memory recall in coal mining accident survivors with acute severe PTSD. Brain Res. 2007, 1144: 165-174.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim MJ, Chey J, Chung A, Bae S, Khang H, Ham B, et al: Diminished rostral anterior cingulate activity in response to threat-related events in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2008, 42: 268-277. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.02.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lanius RA, Frewen PA, Girotti M, Neufeld RW, Stevens TK, Densmore M: Neural correlates of trauma script-imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder with and without comorbid major depression: A functional MRI investigation. Psychiat Res-Neuroim. 2007, 155: 45-56. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.11.006.
Article
Google Scholar
Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Boksman K, Densmore M, Gupta M, Neufeld RW, et al: Brain activation during script-driven imagery induced dissociative responses in PTSD: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Biol Psychiatry. 2002, 52: 305-311. 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01367-7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Densmore M, Boksman K, Gupta MA, Neufeld RW, et al: Neural correlates of traumatic memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1920-1922. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1920.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Hopper J, Densmore M, Boksman K, Gupta MA, et al: Recall of emotional states in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI investigation. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 53: 204-210. 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01466-X.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phan KL, Britton JC, Taylor SF, Fig LM, Liberzon I: Corticolimbic blood flow during nontraumatic emotional processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006, 63: 184-192. 10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.184.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Protopopescu X, Pan H, Tuescher O, Cloitre M, Goldstein M, Engelien W, et al: Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 57: 464-473. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.026.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, McInerney SC, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, et al: Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000, 47: 769-776. 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00828-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sakamoto H, Fukuda R, Okuaki T, Rogers M, Kasai K, Machida T, et al: Parahippocampal activation evoked by masked traumatic images in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI study. Neuroimage. 2005, 26: 813-821. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.032.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin LM, McNally RJ, Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL, Rauch SL, Alpert NM, et al: Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 1999, 156: 575-584.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin LM, Orr SP, Carson MA, Rauch SL, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, et al: Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61: 168-176. 10.1001/archpsyc.61.2.168.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin LM, Wright CI, Cannistraro PA, Wedig MM, McMullin K, Martis B, et al: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 273-281. 10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.273.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomaes K, Dorrepaal E, Draijer N, de Ruiter M, Elzinga B, van Balkom A, et al: Increased activation of the left hippocampus region in Complex PTSD during encoding and recognition of emotional words: A pilot study. Psychiat Res-Neuroim. 2009, 171: 44-53. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.03.003.
Article
Google Scholar
Whalley MG, Rugg MD, Smith APR, Dolan RJ, Brewin CR: Incidental retrieval of emotional contexts in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: An fMRI study. Brain Cognition. 2009, 69: 98-107. 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.05.008.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams LM, Kemp AH, Felmingham K, Barton M, Olivieri G, Peduto A, et al: Trauma modulates amygdala and medial prefrontal responses to consciously attended fear. Neuroimage. 2006, 29: 347-357. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.047.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rauch SL, Shin LM, Phelps EA: Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: Human neuroimaging research - Past, present, and future. Biol Psychiatry. 2006, 60: 376-382. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
LeDoux JE: Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2000, 23: 155-184. 10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Acierno R: Should PTSD Criterion A be retained?. J Trauma Stress. 2009, 22: 374-383. 10.1002/jts.20436.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Foa EB, Kozak MJ: Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychol Bull. 1986, 99: 20-35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keane T, Fairbank J, Caddell J, Zimering R, Bender M: A behavioral approach to assessing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam Veterans. Trauma and its Wake: The Study and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by: Bristol FC. 1985, Brunner/Mazel, PA, 257-294.
Google Scholar
Ehlers A, Mayou RA, Bryant B: Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. J Abnorm Psychol. 1998, 107: 508-519.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suvak MK, Barrett LF: Considering PTSD from the perspective of brain processes: A psychological construction approach. J Trauma Stress. 2011, 24: 3-24. 10.1002/jts.20618.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Resick PA, Miller MW: Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder?. J Trauma Stress. 2009, 22: 384-390. 10.1002/jts.20437.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Friedman MJ, Resick PA, Bryant RA, Brewin CR: Considering PTSD for DSM 5. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 750-769. 10.1002/da.20767.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turkeltaub PE, Eden GF, Jones KM, Zeffiro TA: Meta-analysis of the functional neuroanatomy of single-word reading: Method and validation. Neuroimage. 2002, 16: 765-780. 10.1006/nimg.2002.1131.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Etkin A, Wager TD: Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: A meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164: 1476-1488. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Simmons AN, Matthews SC: Neural circuitry of PTSD with or without mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neuropharmacology. 2012, 62: 598-606. 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.016.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flatten G, Perlitz V, Pestinger M, Arin T, Kohl B, Kastrau F, et al: Neural processing of traumatic events in subjects suffering PTSD-a case study of two surgical patients with severe accident trauma. GMS Psycho-social Medicine. 2004, 1: 1-10.
Google Scholar
Lanius RA, Hopper JW, Menon RS: Individual differences in a husband and wife who developed PTSD after a motor vehicle accident: A functional MRI case study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 667-669. 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.667.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laird AR, Robinson JL, McMillan KM, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Moran ST, Gonzales SM, et al: Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: Validation of the Lancaster transform. Neuroimage. 2010, 51: 677-683. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.048.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Downar J, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Davis KD: A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol. 2002, 87: 615-620.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seeley WW, Menon V, Schatzberg AF, Keller J, Glover GH, Kenna H, et al: Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci. 2007, 27: 2349-2356. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morey R, Dolcos F, Petty C, Cooper D, Hayes J, LaBar K, et al: The role of trauma-related distractors on neural systems for working memory and emotion processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2009, 43: 809-817. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.10.014.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI: Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000, 4: 215-222. 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hughes KC, Shin LM: Functional neuroimaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011, 11: 275-285. 10.1586/ern.10.198.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin LM, Handwerger K: Is posttraumatic stress disorder a stress-induced fear circuitry disorder?. J Trauma Stress. 2009, 22: 409-415. 10.1002/jts.20442.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Etkin A, Egner T, Kalisch R: Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011, 15: 85-93. 10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pannu Hayes J, LaBar K, Petty C, McCarthy G, Morey R: Alterations in the neural circuitry for emotion and attention associated with posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Psychiat Res-Neuroim. 2009, 172: 7-15. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.05.005.
Article
Google Scholar
Shin LM, Bush G, Milad MR, Lasko NB, Brohawn KH, Hughes KC, et al: Exaggerated activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive interference: A monozygotic twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2011, 168: 979-985. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.09121812.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin LM, Lasko NB, Macklin ML, Karpf RD, Milad MR, Orr SP, et al: Resting metabolic activity in the cingulate cortex and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009, 66: 1099-1107. 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.138.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Milad MR, Quirk GJ, Pitman RK, Orr SP, Fischl B, Rauch SL: A role for the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in fear expression. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 62: 1191-1194. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.032.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davis M, Whalen PJ: The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion. Mol Psychiatr. 2001, 6: 13-34. 10.1038/sj.mp.4000812.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pessoa L, Adolphs R: Emotion processing and the amygdala: From a 'low road' to 'many roads' of evaluating biological significance. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010, 11: 773-783.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Whalen PJ: Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1998, 7: 177-188. 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10836912.
Article
Google Scholar
Blackford JU, Buckholtz JW, Avery SN, Zald DH: A unique role for the human amygdala in novelty detection. Neuroimage. 2010, 50: 1188-1193. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.083.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sarinopoulos I, Grupe D, Mackiewicz K, Herrington J, Lor M, Steege E, et al: Uncertainty during anticipation modulates neural responses to aversion in human insula and amygdala. Cereb Cortex. 2010, 20: 929-940. 10.1093/cercor/bhp155.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quirk GJ, Beer JS: Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006, 16: 723-727. 10.1016/j.conb.2006.07.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morey RA, Petty CM, Cooper DA, LaBar KS, McCarthy G: Neural systems for executive and emotional processing are modulated by symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq War veterans. Psychiat Res-Neuroim. 2008, 162: 59-72. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.07.007.
Article
Google Scholar
Dolcos F, McCarthy G: Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction. J Neurosci. 2006, 26: 2072-2079. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5042-05.2006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Depue B, Curran T, Banich M: Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process. Science. 2007, 317: 215-219. 10.1126/science.1139560.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ochsner KN: For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of emotion. Neuroimage. 2004, 23: 483-499. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Resick PA, Monson C, Chard K: Cognitive processing therapy: Veteran/military version. 2008, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Washington DC
Google Scholar
Owens G, Cox TA, Chard K: The relationship between maladaptive cognitions, anger expression, and posttraumatic stress disorder among Veterans in residential treatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2008, 17: 439-452. 10.1080/10926770802473908.
Article
Google Scholar
Rabinak CA, Angstadt M, Welsh RC, Kennedy A, Lyubkin M, Martis B, et al: Altered amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder. Front. Psychiatry. 2011, 2: 62-
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ulrich-Lai YM, Herman JP: Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009, 10: 397-409. 10.1038/nrn2647.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayes J, LaBar K, McCarthy G, Selgrade E, Nasser J, Dolcos F, et al: Reduced hippocampal and amygdala activity predicts memory distortions for trauma reminders in combat-related PTSD. J Psychiatr Res. 2011, 45: 660-669. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.007.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar