Table 1 Comparison of human anxiety disorders to anxiety-like behavior in mice

Generalized anxiety disorder

Excessive worry about everyday life, leading to difficulties in concentration

Decreased social interaction, impaired sustained attention

OF, L/D, Y-maze

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Repeated re-experiencing traumatic events, leading to avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma

Increased freezing response to fear conditioning, decreased fear extinction, more pronounced spontaneous recovery

Cue and contextual fear conditioning, fear extinction

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Intrusive thoughts that produce repetitive behavior aimed at reducing anxiety

Increased marble burying and excessive grooming

Burrowing test, nest construction test

Social phobia

avoidance of social contact, emotional discomfort caused by presence of unknown people

Low social interaction

Three-chamber test of sociability, social recognition test

Panic disorder

Intense fearfulness of sudden onset, respiratory distress

Increased escape from an aggressor

Resident intruder test

Agoraphobia

Avoidance of wide-open or crowded space

Avoidance of exposed, bright areas

OF, L/D