Neural temporal dynamics of stress in comorbid major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder

Table 4 Change-point analysis of the BOLD responses to the social evaluative threat task of participants with and without major depressive disorder

Region	x	y	z	voxels	vol (mm³)	Peak t	change-point onset	change-point offset	comorbid (~,>,<) pure depression¹
Depression > No Depression
Instructions
r. Insula	38	8	−2	71	1917	7.09	74	82	<
l. Precentral G.*	−50	4	4	54	1458	5.84	99	115	<
l. Precentral G.*	−56	−8	16	15	405	5.83	73	81	<
l. Middle Frontal G.	−40	34	16	14	378	6.88	62	70	~
Medial Frontal G.	4	34	26	88	2376	7.58	62	77	~
l. Inferior Frontal G.	−50	−2	26	19	513	6.79	77	88
Cingulate G.*	2	4	28	50	1350	6.88	62	81	<
Cingulate G.	−14	−4	26	26	702	5.9	71	81
Cingulate G.	10	−10	28	24	648	6.11	65	83	<
Early Speech Prep
l. Precentral G.	−56	−4	8	36	972	5.97	100	114	~
l. Prefrontal G.	−50	4	16	20	540	5.54	104	112	~
Cingulate G.	16	−28	38	16	432	6.35	103	111	~
Late Speech Prep
l. Insula	−34	−16	14	14	378	5.56	152	160
r. Insula	34	−8	22	76	2052	6.01	148	162
l. Postcentral G.	−52	−22	22	24	648	6.54	157	163	~
r. Caudate	14	2	20	33	891	5.97	151	161
Cingulate G.	10	34	20	15	405	6.69	144	152
l. Sub-gyral	−34	−20	34	31	837	5.88	148	162	~
l. Sub-gyral*	−16	−40	34	17	459	6.33	154	161	<
Recovery
r. Cerebellum: Culmen	26	−44	−20	22	594	6.08	164	170	~
Lingual G.*	8	−62	−4	176	4752	7.52	163	171	<
Lingual G.	−8	−82	−2	20	540	6.84	164	169	~
No Depression > Depression
Instructions
Posterior Cingulate	−4	−44	10	16	432	−6.47	70	74	~
Cuneus	−8	−76	20	18	486	−6.64	69	95	~
r. Cuneus	16	−74	16	34	918	−5.66	85	97	~
Early Speech Prep
l. Caudate	−14	−22	26	16	432	−5.87	116	123
Late Speech Prep
l. Lentiform Nucleus	−26	8	8	31	837	−6.67	132	142
Recovery
Posterior Cingulate G.*	14	−56	14	55	1485	−6.53	176	190	>
l. Precentral G.	−44	−10	40	16	432	−5.89	165	173	~

Note. These clusters were masked with the clusters that exhibited group average activation differences during the social evaluative threat task. vol = volume; G. = Gyrus. ¹ Post-hoc group contrasts that test whether comorbid participants exhibited similar (~; not significantly different from each other, but both groups are different than control participants), greater (>), or less (<) activation than participants with pure depression (p < .05). The lack of a symbol means that comorbid participants did not exhibit significantly different activation than control participants and participants with pure depression.
* Those regions for which comorbid participants’ activation significantly differed from both pure depression and pure social anxiety groups.

ISSN: 2045-5380