Table 3 Functional neuroimaging findings in panic disorder [near-infrared spectroscopy]
Study | Subjects | No. of subjects (female) | Mean age (SD) | Comorbid Depression | Comorbid Agora-phobia | Medication status | Study paradigm | Amygdala | Hippocampus | Ventromedial Prefrontal cortex | Other brain regions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanii, 2009 [24] | PD | 71 (52) | 37.9 | Genotyping (COMT Val158Met polymorphism) | Met/Met, n = 8 | - | - | - | Right LPFC O2Hb▲ in Met/Met | |||
Val/Met, n = 29 | ||||||||||||
Val/Val, n = 34 | ||||||||||||
Dresler, 2009 [25] | PD | 1 (0) Case study | 44 | Current | Medicated with doxepine, zopiclone and amitriptyline | Emotional Stroop task with words (Neutral/panic-related), before/after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment to left PFC | - | - | - | Neutral/panic-related: DLPFC O2Hbâ–² after rTMS treatment (small superiority for Panic-Related) | ||
Akiyoshi, 2003 [26] | PD | 23 (12) | 26.5 (7.6) | None | Current, n = 14 | Alprazolam/paroxetine, n = 19 | Presentation of visual stimuli (Neutral/anxiety-relevant/ anxiety-irrelevant but emotion-relevant) | - | - | - | Anxiety-relevant/ anxiety-irrelevant but emotion-relevant: left frontal O2Hb▼ | |
HC | 31 (15) | 24.1 (6.4) | ||||||||||