Table 2 Summary of the studies which included N100 component

[31]

12 combat PTSD veterans

6 normal controls

Four tones intensity paradigm

No difference in N1 amplitude

[17]

20 Israeli combat veterans with PTSD

20 without PTSD

Visual oddball, trauma related

non-related

neutral stimuli

Combat-related pictures elicited enhanced N1 amplitude in PTSD group.

Prolonged N1 latencies and reaction times to target stimuli in PTSD patients.

[56]

16 medicated, 9 un-medicated PTSD

10 healthy veterans

Auditory three-tone oddball

Longer N100 latencies in un-medicated PTSD patients compared to the medicated PTSD and healthy controls.

[51]

11 prisoners of war

Checkerboard reversal

Larger N75 amplitudes

[39]

11 PTSD survivors of a ship fire

9 psychiatric controls from the same ship

Auditory word and non-word oddball

Increased N1 latency to standard tones;

Larger amplitude to emotionally meaningful words.

[25]

13 females with sexual assault PTSD

16 healthy controls

Auditory oddball

No difference in N100 amplitude and latency

[28]

17 civil PTSD

17 healthy controls

Auditory oddball

No difference in N100 amplitude or latency

[30]

36 civil PTSD 20 healthy 10 depressed 8 alcoholics

2000-Hz tone presented in increasing intensities

Increased N100 amplitudes

[38]

15 civil PTSD

15 controls

Visual presentation of angry alternating with neutral faces

Larger N110 to the angry compared to the neutral faces in the control group.

Smaller and later N100 in PTSD subjects.

[35]

10 civil PTSD

10 controls

Auditory oddball

Larger N100 amplitude

[42]

19 PTSD 99 Alcohol dependence 16 personality disorder 25 anxiety or mood disorder

Visual presentation of happy, sad, and neutral faces

Larger N1 amplitudes to sad stimuli in frontotemporal leads in PTSD patients.

[57]

16 civil PTSD

16 schizophrenia

16 control subjects

Auditory Oddball

No difference in N1 amplitude and latency

[36]

14 PTSD [mixed etiologies]

12 controls

Auditory Oddball

No difference in N100 amplitude