From: Facial emotion processing in major depression: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings
| Brain region | BA | Sad > Baseline | Fear > Baseline | Angry > Baseline | Happy > Baseline | Disgust > Baseline | Author/year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limbic lobe | ||||||||
| Amygdala | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | |||||
| Amygdala | ↑ | ↑ | Peluso et al. 2009 | [35] | ||||
| Amygdala | ↑a | ↑a | Sheline et al. 2001 | [34] | ||||
| Amygdala | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||
| Amygdala | ↑ | ↓ | Victor et al. 2010 | [29] | ||||
| Amygdala | ↑ | ↑ | Zhong et al. 2011 | [36] | ||||
| Extended amygdala | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | Matthews et al. 2008 | [28] | |||
| Amygdala/hippocampus | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | |||||
| PHG/amygdala | ↑b | Surguladze et al. 2005 | [31] | |||||
| Amygdala/hippocampus | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | |||||
| Hippocampus | ↓ | Lee et al. 2008 | [38] | |||||
| Extended limbic system | ||||||||
| Insula | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | |||||
| Insula | 13 | ↓ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Insula | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | |||||
| Insula | ↑ | Surguladze et al. 2010 | [39] | |||||
| Insula | 13 | ↑ | ↑ | Zhong et al. 2011 | [36] | |||
| Insula | ↓ | ↓ | Townsend et al. 2010 | [40] | ||||
| Insula/PHG | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||
| PHG | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | |||||
| PHG/globus pallidus/anterior thalamus | ↓ | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||||
| Thalamus | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | |||||
| Striatum | ||||||||
| Putamen | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | |||||
| Putamen | ↑b | ↓b | Surguladze et al. 2005 | [31] | ||||
| Putamen | ↓ | ↓ | Townsend et al. 2010 | [40] | ||||
| Putamen/globus pallidus | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | |||||
| Uncus/amygdala/caudate/putamen | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | |||||
| Caudate | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | |||||
| Caudate | ↓ | Lee et al. 2008 | [38] | |||||
| Caudate | ↑ | ↑ | Scheuerecker et al. 2010 | [41] | ||||
| Frontal lobe | ||||||||
| Motor cortex | ||||||||
| Premotor cortex | 6 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | 6 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| SMA | ↑ | ↑ | Scheuerecker et al. 2010 | [41] | ||||
| Precentral gyrus | 4 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Precentral gyrus | 4 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Precentral gyrus | 4 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Precentral gyrus | 4,6 | ↓ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Precentral gyrus | ↑ | ↑ | Scheuerecker et al. 2010 | [41] | ||||
| Postcentral gyrus | 1, 2, 3 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Postcentral gyrus | ↑ | ↑ | Frodl et al. 2009 | [43] | ||||
| Postcentral gyrus | 2 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| DLPFC | ||||||||
| DLPFC | 44, 45, 9 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||
| DLPFC | 9 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | ↑a | ↑ | Frodl et al. 2009 | [43] | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 8 | ↑ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 8 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 8 | ↓ | ↓ | Zhong et al. 2011 | [36] | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus | ↑a | ↑ | Frodl et al. 2009 | [43] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | 8 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | 8 | ↓ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| VLPFC | ||||||||
| VLPFC | 10, 47, 45, 46 | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||||
| VLPFC | 11 | ↑ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| VLPFC | 10/47 | ↓ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | 10/47 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus | ↑ | ↑ | Scheuerecker et al. 2010 | [41] | ||||
| Cingulum | ||||||||
| Anterior cingulum | 32 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Anterior cingulum | 24/32 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Anterior cingulum | 25 | ↓ | ↓ | Zhong et al. 2011 | [36] | |||
| Sg anterior cingulum | 25 | ↑ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Sg anterior cingulum | 24/32 | ↑a | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Anterior cingulum | 24 | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||||
| Middle cingulum | 23/24 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Middle cingulum | 33/24, 32/24 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Middle cingulum | ↑a | ↑ | Frodl et al. 2009 | [43] | ||||
| Middle cingulum | 23 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Posterior cingulum | 23/31, 29/31 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2004 | [32] | ||||
| Posterior cingulum | 31 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Posterior cingulum | 31 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2007 | [63] | ||||
| Posterior cingulum | 31 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Medial PFC | ||||||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus | 47 | ↑ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus | 47/45 | ↓ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus | 45 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Inferior frontal gyrus | 47 | ↓ | ↓ | Zhong et al. 2011 | [36] | |||
| Medial PFC | 10, 11, 47 | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||||
| DMPFC | 8 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| VMPFC | 10/32 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | ||||||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 47 | ↑ | Surguladze et al. 2010 | [39] | ||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 11 | ↓ | Lawrence et al. 2004 | [37] | ||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | 11 | ↓ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | ↓ | ↓ | Lee et al. 2008 | [38] | ||||
| Orbitofrontal cortex | ↓ | ↓ | Lee et al. 2008 | [38] | ||||
| Temporal lobe | ||||||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21 | ↓ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21/22 | ↓ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21 | ↑ | Surguladze et al. 2010 | [39] | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | 21, 37 | ↓ | Townsend et al. 2010 | [40] | ||||
| Inferior temporal gyrus | 20 | ↓ | Gotlib et al. 2005 | [45] | ||||
| Inferior temporal gyrus | 37 | ↑ | Surguladze et al. 2010 | [39] | ||||
| Inferior temporal gyrus | 20 | ↓ | Townsend et al. 2010 | [40] | ||||
| Superior temporal gyrus | 42 | ↑ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Superior temporal gyrus | 42 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Fusiform gyrus | 37 | ↓ | Fu et al. 2008 | [33] | ||||
| Fusiform gyrus | 20 | ↑ | Keedwell et al. 2005 | [42] | ||||
| Fusiform gyrus | 19 | ↑b | ↓b | Surguladze et al. 2005 | [31] | |||
| Fusiform gyrus | ↑ | ↓ | Suslow et al. 2010 | [30] | ||||